World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 1, February 2019, pages 35-45

Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index Is a Prognostic Marker of Chemotherapy and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Figure 1. Overall survival (OS) according to lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) groups. (a) Adenocarcinoma without any driver mutations. (b) NSCLC with EGFR mutation. (c) Squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 2. Progression-free survival (PFS) according to lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) groups. (a) Adenocarcinoma without any driver mutations. (b) NSCLC with EGFR mutation. (c) Squamous cell carcinoma.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of Adenocarcinoma Without Active EGFR Mutations
	All	LIPI	P
CI: confidence interval; DCR: disease control rate; dNLR: derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; NA: not assessed; ORR: overall response rate; ULN: upper limit of normal. ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bKruskal-Wallis rank sum test.
N	175	85	68	22
Backgrounds
Sex (N), male/female	120/55	55/30	47/21	18/4	0.33^a
Age (years), median (IQR)	68 (62.4 - 74.6)	68 (63.5 - 74.9)	65 (60.2 - 74.5)	69 (64.0 - 71.5)	0.49^b
Smoking status, none/former/current smokers	30/56/89	14/26/45	13/24/31	3/6/13	0.85^a
PD-L1 status, ≥ 50%/1-49%/< 1%/NA	8/5/1/161	6/4/1/74	2/0/0/66	0/0/0/22	0.25^a
ECOG-PS, 0 - 1/≥ 2	136/39	76/9	52/16	8/14	< 0.01^a
Stage, IIIB/IV/recurrence	32/132/11	20/57/8	12/56/0	0/19/3	< 0.01^a
Metastatic sites, ≥ 2	89	38	33	18	0.06^a
First-line chemotherapy
Regimen
Single/combination (N)	7/168	4/81	3/65	0/22	0.88^a
Pemetrexed-containing (N)	84	40	33	11	0.96^a
Bevacizumab-containing	35	24	9	2	0.03^a
Efficacy
ORR (%) (95% CI)	39.4 (32.1 - 47.1)	55.3 (44.1 - 66.1)	30.9 (20.2 - 43.3)	18.2 (5.2 - 40.3)	< 0.01^a
DCR (%) (95% CI)	70.9 (63.5 - 77.5)	82.4 (72.6 - 89.8)	64.7 (52.2 - 75.9)	45.5 (24.4 - 67.8)	< 0.01^a
Second and further line
Second-line (N)	107	57	41	9	0.08^a
Immuno-checkpoint inhibitor (N)	25	18	7	0	0.02^a
Laboratory data
dNLR
Median (IQR)	2.08 (1.61 - 2.98)	1.82 (1.30 - 2.06)	2.69 (1.89 - 3.12)	3.96 (3.64 - 5.58)	< 0.01^b
≥ 3 (N)	132	85	47	0	< 0.01^a
LDH
Median (IQR)	203 (170 - 265)	174 (154 - 200)	247 (207 - 311)	298 (244 - 415)	< 0.01^b
> ULN (N)	69	0	47	22	< 0.01^a

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Adenocarcinoma Without Active EGFR Mutations

All

LIPI

Good

Intermediate

Poor

CI: confidence interval; DCR: disease control rate; dNLR: derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; NA: not assessed; ORR: overall response rate; ULN: upper limit of normal. ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bKruskal-Wallis rank sum test.

175

Backgrounds

Sex (N), male/female

120/55

55/30

47/21

18/4

0.33^a

Age (years), median (IQR)

68 (62.4 - 74.6)

68 (63.5 - 74.9)

65 (60.2 - 74.5)

69 (64.0 - 71.5)

0.49^b

Smoking status, none/former/current smokers

30/56/89

14/26/45

13/24/31

3/6/13

0.85^a

PD-L1 status, ≥ 50%/1-49%/< 1%/NA

8/5/1/161

6/4/1/74

2/0/0/66

0/0/0/22

0.25^a

ECOG-PS, 0 - 1/≥ 2

136/39

76/9

52/16

8/14

< 0.01^a

Stage, IIIB/IV/recurrence

32/132/11

20/57/8

12/56/0

0/19/3

< 0.01^a

Metastatic sites, ≥ 2

0.06^a

First-line chemotherapy

Regimen

Single/combination (N)

7/168

4/81

3/65

0/22

0.88^a

Pemetrexed-containing (N)

0.96^a

Bevacizumab-containing

0.03^a

Efficacy

ORR (%) (95% CI)

39.4 (32.1 - 47.1)

55.3 (44.1 - 66.1)

30.9 (20.2 - 43.3)

18.2 (5.2 - 40.3)

< 0.01^a

DCR (%) (95% CI)

70.9 (63.5 - 77.5)

82.4 (72.6 - 89.8)

64.7 (52.2 - 75.9)

45.5 (24.4 - 67.8)

< 0.01^a

Second and further line

Second-line (N)

107

0.08^a

Immuno-checkpoint inhibitor (N)

0.02^a

Laboratory data

dNLR

Median (IQR)

2.08 (1.61 - 2.98)

1.82 (1.30 - 2.06)

2.69 (1.89 - 3.12)

3.96 (3.64 - 5.58)

< 0.01^b

≥ 3 (N)

132

< 0.01^a

LDH

Median (IQR)

203 (170 - 265)

174 (154 - 200)

247 (207 - 311)

298 (244 - 415)

< 0.01^b

> ULN (N)

< 0.01^a

**Table 2.** Baseline Characteristics of NSCLC With Active EGFR Mutation
	All	LIPI	P
CI: confidence interval; DCR: disease control rate; dNLR: derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; NA: not assessed; ORR: overall response rate; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; ULN: upper limit of normal. ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bKruskal-Wallis rank sum test.
N	131	69	52	10
Backgrounds
Sex (N), male/female	52/79	28/41	20/32	4/6	0.96^a
Age (years), median (IQR)	73 (65 - 78)	74 (67 - 78)	70.5 (63.8 - 77)	65 (50 - 81.8)	0.29^b
Smoking status, non/former/current smokers	63/41/27	37/21/11	22/17/13	4/3/3	0.31^a
EGFR mutation status, Ex19el/Ex21 point/minor	129/56/7	34/31/4	27/22/3	7/3/0	0.87^a
PD-L1 status, ≥ 50%/1-49%/< 1%/NA	3/4/5/119	3/1/4/61	0/3/1/48	0/0/0/10	0.49^a
ECOG-PS, 0 - 1/≥ 2	93/37	55/14	37/15	2/8	< 0.01^a
Stage, III/IV/recurrence	10/90/31	7/42/20	2/39/11	1/9/0	0.12^a
Metastatic sites, ≥ 2	91	43	41	7	0.15^a
EGFR-TKI
Regimen, gefitinib/erlotinib/afatinib	80/38/13	43/21/5	33/13/6	4/4/2	0.42^a
Line, first/second or further	99/32	53/16	37/15	9/1	0.46^a
Efficacy
ORR (%) (95% CI)	64.1 (55.3 - 72.3)	68.1 (55.8 - 78.8)	63.5 (49.0 - 76.4)	40.0 (12.2 - 73.8)	0.26^a
DCR (%) (95% CI)	82.4 (74.8 - 88.5)	85.5 (75.0 - 92.8)	82.7 (69.7 - 91.8)	60.0 (26.2 - 87.8)	0.16^a
Post-EGFR-TKI therapy
Further-line	68	30	30	8	0.06^a
Osimeritinib	26	9	13	4	0.06^a
Immuno-checkpoint inhibitor	5	4	1	0	0.59^a
Laboratory data
dNLR
Median (IQR)	1.98 (1.44 - 2.72)	1.67 (1.31 - 2.04)	2.20 (1.57 - 3.10)	3.43 (3.27 - 3.83)	< 0.01^b
≥ 3 (N)	25	0	15	10	< 0.01^a
LDH
Median (IQR)	203 (176.5 - 240.5)	183 (163 - 198)	242 (211.8 - 308)	247 (232.5 - 466.5)	< 0.01^b
> ULN	25	0	37	10	< 0.01^a

Table 2. Baseline Characteristics of NSCLC With Active EGFR Mutation

All

LIPI

Good

Intermediate

Poor

CI: confidence interval; DCR: disease control rate; dNLR: derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; NA: not assessed; ORR: overall response rate; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; ULN: upper limit of normal. ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bKruskal-Wallis rank sum test.

131

Backgrounds

Sex (N), male/female

52/79

28/41

20/32

4/6

0.96^a

Age (years), median (IQR)

73 (65 - 78)

74 (67 - 78)

70.5 (63.8 - 77)

65 (50 - 81.8)

0.29^b

Smoking status, non/former/current smokers

63/41/27

37/21/11

22/17/13

4/3/3

0.31^a

EGFR mutation status, Ex19el/Ex21 point/minor

129/56/7

34/31/4

27/22/3

7/3/0

0.87^a

PD-L1 status, ≥ 50%/1-49%/< 1%/NA

3/4/5/119

3/1/4/61

0/3/1/48

0/0/0/10

0.49^a

ECOG-PS, 0 - 1/≥ 2

93/37

55/14

37/15

2/8

< 0.01^a

Stage, III/IV/recurrence

10/90/31

7/42/20

2/39/11

1/9/0

0.12^a

Metastatic sites, ≥ 2

0.15^a

EGFR-TKI

Regimen, gefitinib/erlotinib/afatinib

80/38/13

43/21/5

33/13/6

4/4/2

0.42^a

Line, first/second or further

99/32

53/16

37/15

9/1

0.46^a

Efficacy

ORR (%) (95% CI)

64.1 (55.3 - 72.3)

68.1 (55.8 - 78.8)

63.5 (49.0 - 76.4)

40.0 (12.2 - 73.8)

0.26^a

DCR (%) (95% CI)

82.4 (74.8 - 88.5)

85.5 (75.0 - 92.8)

82.7 (69.7 - 91.8)

60.0 (26.2 - 87.8)

0.16^a

Post-EGFR-TKI therapy

Further-line

0.06^a

Osimeritinib

0.06^a

Immuno-checkpoint inhibitor

0.59^a

Laboratory data

dNLR

Median (IQR)

1.98 (1.44 - 2.72)

1.67 (1.31 - 2.04)

2.20 (1.57 - 3.10)

3.43 (3.27 - 3.83)

< 0.01^b

≥ 3 (N)

< 0.01^a

LDH

Median (IQR)

203 (176.5 - 240.5)

183 (163 - 198)

242 (211.8 - 308)

247 (232.5 - 466.5)

< 0.01^b

> ULN

< 0.01^a

**Table 3.** Baseline Characteristics of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	All	LIPI	P
CI: confidence interval; DCR: disease control rate; dNLR: derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; NA: not assessed; nab-PTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; ORR: overall response rate; PTX: paclitaxel; ULN: upper limit of normal. ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bKruskal-Wallis rank sum test.
N	110	61	39	10
Backgrounds
Sex (N), male/female	85/25	49/12	28/11	8/2	0.59^a
Age (years), median (IQR)	71.5 (65 - 76)	72 (65 - 76)	70 (66 - 75)	71.5 (62 - 75)	0.62^b
Smoking status, non/former /current smoker	8/42/60	4/19/38	3/20/16	1/3/6	0.23^a
PD-L1 status, ≥ 50%/1-49% /< 1%/NA	1/1/2/106	1/0/1/59	0/1/1/37	0/0/0/22	1.00^a
ECOG-PS, 0-1/≥ 2	83/27	50/11	28/11	5/5	0.08^a
Stage, IIIB/IV/recurrence	40/57/13	25/25/11	14/23/2	1/9/0	0.03^a
Metastatic sites, ≥ 2	33	16	13	4	0.52^a
First-line chemotherapy
Regimen
Single/combination (N)	11/89	8/53	2/37	1/9	0.39^a
PTX or nab-PTX	72	36	28	8	0.29^a
Efficacy
ORR (%) (95% CI)	42.7 (33.3 - 52.5)	45.9 (33.1 - 59.2)	35.9 (21.2 - 52.8)	50.0 (18.7 - 81.3)	0.60^a
DCR (%) (95% CI)	65.5 (55.8 - 74.3)	63.9 (50.6 - 75.8)	69.2 (52.4 - 83.0)	60.0 (26.2 - 87.8)	0.79^a
Second and further line
Second-line (N)	66	39	23	4	0.34^a
Immuno-checkpoint inhibitor (N)	10	5	5	0	0.61^a
Laboratory data
dNLR
Median (IQR)	2.25 (1.73 - 3.13)	2.00 (1.69 - 2.39)	3.20 (1.88 - 4.04)	3.39 (3.19 - 3.91)	< 0.01^b
≥ 3 (N)	30	0	20	10	< 0.01^a
LDH
Median (IQR)	198.5 (168 - 229)	181 (158 - 202)	224 (189.5 - 277.5)	282 (243 - 304.5)	< 0.01^b
> ULN	29	0	19	10	< 0.01^a

Table 3. Baseline Characteristics of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

All

LIPI

Good

Intermediate

Poor

CI: confidence interval; DCR: disease control rate; dNLR: derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; NA: not assessed; nab-PTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; ORR: overall response rate; PTX: paclitaxel; ULN: upper limit of normal. ^aFisher’s exact test; ^bKruskal-Wallis rank sum test.

110

Backgrounds

Sex (N), male/female

85/25

49/12

28/11

8/2

0.59^a

Age (years), median (IQR)

71.5 (65 - 76)

72 (65 - 76)

70 (66 - 75)

71.5 (62 - 75)

0.62^b

Smoking status, non/former /current smoker

8/42/60

4/19/38

3/20/16

1/3/6

0.23^a

PD-L1 status, ≥ 50%/1-49% /< 1%/NA

1/1/2/106

1/0/1/59

0/1/1/37

0/0/0/22

1.00^a

ECOG-PS, 0-1/≥ 2

83/27

50/11

28/11

5/5

0.08^a

Stage, IIIB/IV/recurrence

40/57/13

25/25/11

14/23/2

1/9/0

0.03^a

Metastatic sites, ≥ 2

0.52^a

First-line chemotherapy

Regimen

Single/combination (N)

11/89

8/53

2/37

1/9

0.39^a

PTX or nab-PTX

0.29^a

Efficacy

ORR (%) (95% CI)

42.7 (33.3 - 52.5)

45.9 (33.1 - 59.2)

35.9 (21.2 - 52.8)

50.0 (18.7 - 81.3)

0.60^a

DCR (%) (95% CI)

65.5 (55.8 - 74.3)

63.9 (50.6 - 75.8)

69.2 (52.4 - 83.0)

60.0 (26.2 - 87.8)

0.79^a

Second and further line

Second-line (N)

0.34^a

Immuno-checkpoint inhibitor (N)

0.61^a

Laboratory data

dNLR

Median (IQR)

2.25 (1.73 - 3.13)

2.00 (1.69 - 2.39)

3.20 (1.88 - 4.04)

3.39 (3.19 - 3.91)

< 0.01^b

≥ 3 (N)

< 0.01^a

LDH

Median (IQR)

198.5 (168 - 229)

181 (158 - 202)

224 (189.5 - 277.5)

282 (243 - 304.5)

< 0.01^b

> ULN

< 0.01^a

**Table 4.** Outcomes
	Ad, EGFR mt (-)	NSCLC, EGFR mt (+)	SQ
N	175	131	110
Survival
Dead	137	71	79
At our hospital	108	38	61
At other institutions	15	23	11
At home	14	10	7
Alive	20	37	10
Lost follow-up	18	23	21
Chemotherapy
Confirmed PD or death	154	103	88
Continued	2	17	0
Discontinued	173	86	110
PD	89	73	36
Completion of pre-defined courses	21	0	27
Adverse effects	29	13	18
Deteriorated conditions	25	12	24
Refusal	8	4	3
Transfer to other hospitals	1	5	0
Unknown cause	0	3	2

Table 4. Outcomes

Ad, EGFR mt (-)

NSCLC, EGFR mt (+)

175

131

110

Survival

Dead

137

At our hospital

108

At other institutions

At home

Alive

Lost follow-up

Chemotherapy

Confirmed PD or death

154

103

Continued

Discontinued

173

110

Completion of pre-defined courses

Adverse effects

Deteriorated conditions

Refusal

Transfer to other hospitals

Unknown cause

**Table 5.** Multivariate Analysis of Overall Survival
Variable	Ad, EGFR mt (-), HR (95% CI)	P	NSCLC, EGFR mt (+), HR (95% CI)	P	SQ, HR (95% CI)	P
Ad: adenocarcinoma, CI: confidence interval, ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; HR: hazard ratio; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; nab-PTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; NSCLC: non-small cell carcinoma; SQ: squamous cell carcinoma; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Age, years
< 70	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
≥ 70	1.29 (0.90 - 1.85)	0.16	1.95 (1.13 - 3.35)	0.02	0.90 (0.56 - 1.45)	0.66
Smoking history
Non-smoker	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Smoker	1.41 (0.88 - 2.28)	0.16	1.07 (0.64 - 1.79)	0.81	1.87 (0.57 - 6.20)	0.30
No. of metastatic sites
< 2	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
≥ 2	0.88 (0.62 - 1.26)	0.49	2.30 (1.26 - 4.22)	< 0.01	1.51 (0.90 - 2.54)	0.12
ECOG-PS
0 or 1	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
≥ 2	3.12 (2.04 - 4.79)	< 0.01	2.54 (1.33 - 4.86)	< 0.01	3.14 (1.87 - 5.30)	< 0.01
Line of EGFR-TKI
First-line			1 (Reference)
Second or later line			0.71 (0.40 - 1.25)	0.24
Albumin level (g/dL)
≥ 3.5	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
< 3.5	1.56 (1.05 - 2.32)	0.03	0.59 (0.31 - 1.10)	0.10	1.17 (0.71 - 1.93)	0.54
LIPI
Good	1(Reference)		1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Intermediate	1.49 (1.03 - 2.15)	0.04	2.30 (1.33 - 3.99)	< 0.01	1.01 (0.61 - 1.67)	0.98
Poor	1.67 (0.94 - 2.98)	0.08	2.76 (1.03 - 7.42)	0.04	1.64 (0.78 - 3.44)	0.19

Table 5. Multivariate Analysis of Overall Survival

Variable

Ad, EGFR mt (-), HR (95% CI)

NSCLC, EGFR mt (+), HR (95% CI)

SQ, HR (95% CI)

Ad: adenocarcinoma, CI: confidence interval, ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; HR: hazard ratio; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; nab-PTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; NSCLC: non-small cell carcinoma; SQ: squamous cell carcinoma; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Age, years

< 70

1 (Reference)

≥ 70

1.29 (0.90 - 1.85)

0.16

1.95 (1.13 - 3.35)

0.02

0.90 (0.56 - 1.45)

0.66

Smoking history

Non-smoker

1 (Reference)

Smoker

1.41 (0.88 - 2.28)

0.16

1.07 (0.64 - 1.79)

0.81

1.87 (0.57 - 6.20)

0.30

No. of metastatic sites

< 2

1 (Reference)

≥ 2

0.88 (0.62 - 1.26)

0.49

2.30 (1.26 - 4.22)

< 0.01

1.51 (0.90 - 2.54)

0.12

ECOG-PS

0 or 1

1 (Reference)

≥ 2

3.12 (2.04 - 4.79)

< 0.01

2.54 (1.33 - 4.86)

< 0.01

3.14 (1.87 - 5.30)

< 0.01

Line of EGFR-TKI

First-line

1 (Reference)

Second or later line

0.71 (0.40 - 1.25)

0.24

Albumin level (g/dL)

≥ 3.5

1 (Reference)

< 3.5

1.56 (1.05 - 2.32)

0.03

0.59 (0.31 - 1.10)

0.10

1.17 (0.71 - 1.93)

0.54

LIPI

Good

1(Reference)

1 (Reference)

Intermediate

1.49 (1.03 - 2.15)

0.04

2.30 (1.33 - 3.99)

< 0.01

1.01 (0.61 - 1.67)

0.98

Poor

1.67 (0.94 - 2.98)

0.08

2.76 (1.03 - 7.42)

0.04

1.64 (0.78 - 3.44)

0.19

Table 6. Multivariate Analysis of Progression-Free Survival

Variable

Ad, EGFR mt (-)

NSCLC, EGFR mt (+)

HR (95% CI)

Ad: adenocarcinoma; CI: confidence interval; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; EGFR-TKI: epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor; HR: hazard ratio; LIPI: lung immune prognostic index; nab-PTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; NSCLC: non-small cell carcinoma; PTX: paclitaxel; SQ: squamous cell carcinoma.

Age, years

< 70

1 (Reference)

≥ 70

1.09 (0.77 - 1.53)

0.62

1.25 (0.82 - 1.90)

0.30

1.13 (0.71 - 1.80)

0.61

Smoking history

Non-smoker

1 (Reference)

Smoker

1.01 (0.65 - 1.58)

0.96

1.08 (0.72 - 1.60)

0.72

1.22 (0.53 - 2.82)

0.64

No. of metastatic sites

< 2

1 (Reference)

≥ 2

0.99 (0.71 - 1.38)

0.94

1.52 (0.94 - 2.45)

0.09

1.10 (0.66 - 1.85)

0.72

ECOG-PS

0 or 1

1 (Reference)

≥ 2

1.90 (1.26 - 2.86)

< 0.01

1.48 (0.86 - 2.55)

0.16

1.82 (1.04 - 3.18)

0.04

Bevacizumab-containing

Yes

1 (Reference)

1.40 (0.93 - 2.12)

0.11

PTX or nab-PTX-containing

Yes

1 (Reference)

1.53 (0.95 - 2.45)

0.08

EGFR-TKI line

First

1 (Reference)

Second or later

0.76 (0.47 - 1.21)

0.24

Albumin level, g/dL

≥ 3.5

1 (Reference)

< 3.5

1.15 (0.79 - 1.67)

0.48

0.80 (0.46 - 1.37)

0.41

0.90 (0.57 - 1.44)

0.67

LIPI

Good

1 (Reference)

Intermediate

1.00 (0.70 - 1.43)

1.00

1.57 (1.01 - 2.44)

0.04

1.08 (0.67 - 1.73)

0.75

Poor

1.35 (0.78 - 2.34)

0.29

2.63 (1.14 - 6.07)

0.02

2.00 (0.94 - 4.22)

0.07