World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 6, December 2019, pages 199-217

Prognostic Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers “E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63” in Bladder Carcinoma

Figure 1. Representative immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin in TCCs and SCCs (a-d) (magnification × 200). (a) Preserved normal positive membranous expression in low-grade non-muscle-invasive TCC. (b) Reduced membranous expression in high-grade invasive TCC. (c) Preserved normal positive membranous expression in moderately differentiated SCC. (d) Reduced membranous expression in poorly differentiated SCC. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 2. Representative immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin in TCCs and SCCs (a-e) (magnification × 200). (a) Normal positive membranous expression in low-grade non-muscle-invasive TCC. (b) Reduced membranous expression in high-grade invasive TCC. (c) Predominant nuclear expression in invasive TCC. (d) Reduced membranous expression with prominent cytoplasmic expression in invasive SCC. (e) Nuclear expression in invasive SCC. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 3. Representative immunohistochemical staining of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in TCCs and SCCs (a-d) (magnification × 200). (a) Positive ZEB1 nuclear expression in invasive TCC. (b) Positive ZEB2 cytoplasmic expression in invasive TCC. (c) Positive ZEB1 nuclear expression in invasive SCC. (d) Positive ZEB2 cytoplasmic expression in high-grade invasive SCC. TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox.

Figure 4. Representative immunohistochemical staining of p63 in TCCs and SCCs (a-e) (magnification × 200). (a) Strong staining of all cell layers in low-grade superficial TCC. (b) Loss of p63 expression in invasive TCC. (c) Some preserved positive p63 expression in invasive TCC. (d) Positive p63 in moderately differentiated SCC (G2) showing positivity in the cells of the basal layer. (e) Diffuse and high intense positivity for p63 in poorly differentiated SCC (G3). TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 5. Survival analysis in the TCC group according to cumulative Kaplan-Meier methods (a-g). (a) ZEB2 cytoplasmic expression: negative group (blue) is associated with longer survival than positive group (red) (P = 0.024). (b-f) Reduced membranous E-cadherin, reduced membranous β-catenin, nuclear β-catenin, positive ZEB1, intense p63 expressions without significant correlations (P > 0.05). (g) Intense p63 expression is associated with poor survival in MI-UC (P < 0.001). MI-UC: urinary carcinoma with muscle invasion; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox.

Figure 6. Survival analysis in the SCC group according to cumulative Kaplan-Meier methods (a-f). (a) Reduced membranous E-cadherin, (b) reduced membranous β-catenin, (c) nuclear β-catenin, (d) positive ZEB1 and (e) positive ZEB2 and (f) intense p63 expressions with significant correlations with shorter survival (P < 0.001). SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox.

**Table 1.** Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients With TCC and SCC
Variables	TCC patients (%) (n = 66)	SCC patients (%) (n = 25)
TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; NMIBC: non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma; MIBC: muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.
Age (years)	≤ 59.5: 35 (53%); > 59.5: 31 (47%)	≤ 51.5: 14 (56%); > 51.5: 11 (44%)
Gender
Men	57 (86.4%)	21 (84%)
Women	9 (13.6%)	4 (16%)
Bilharzial status
No	36 (54.5%)	9 (36%)
Yes	30 (45.5%)	16 (64%)
Grade	Low grade: 16 (24.2%); high grade: 50 (75.8%)	G1: 1 (4%); G2: 18 (72%); G3: 6 (24%)
Stage	NMIBC: 25 (37.9%); MIBC: 41 (62.1%)	T1: 3 (12%); T2: 18 (72%); T3:4 (16%)
Lymph node metastases
No	43 (65.2%)	19 (76%)
Yes	23 (34.8%)	6 (24%)

Table 1. Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients With TCC and SCC

Variables

TCC patients (%) (n = 66)

SCC patients (%) (n = 25)

TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; NMIBC: non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma; MIBC: muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.

Age (years)

≤ 59.5: 35 (53%); > 59.5: 31 (47%)

≤ 51.5: 14 (56%); > 51.5: 11 (44%)

Gender

Men

57 (86.4%)

21 (84%)

Women

9 (13.6%)

4 (16%)

Bilharzial status

36 (54.5%)

9 (36%)

Yes

30 (45.5%)

16 (64%)

Grade

Low grade: 16 (24.2%); high grade: 50 (75.8%)

G1: 1 (4%); G2: 18 (72%); G3: 6 (24%)

Stage

NMIBC: 25 (37.9%); MIBC: 41 (62.1%)

T1: 3 (12%); T2: 18 (72%); T3:4 (16%)

Lymph node metastases

43 (65.2%)

19 (76%)

Yes

23 (34.8%)

6 (24%)

**Table 2.** Expression of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63 in TCC and Their Association With the Clinicopathological Characters
Variable	No. of cases	E-cadherin	Membranous β-catenin	Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin	ZEB1	ZEB2	p63
NMIBC: non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma; MIBC: muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma; ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma. *Significant association.
Age
≤ 59.5 years	35	17 (48.6%)	18 (51.5%)	8 (22.9%)	27 (77.1%)	17 (48.6%)	18 (51.4%)	27 (77.1%)	8 (22.9%)	16 (45.7%)	19 (54.3%)	7 (20%)	17 (48.6%)	11 (31.4%)
> 59.5 years	31	15 (48.4%)	16 (51.6%)	8 (25.8%)	23 (74.2%)	15 (48.4%)	16 (51.6%)	15 (48.4%)	16 (51.6%)	12 (38.7%)	19 (61.3%)	3 (9.7%)	17 (54.8%)	11 (35.5%)
P value		0.988	0.780	0.988	0.015*	0.50	0.506
Sex
Men	57	28 (49.1%)	29 (50.9%)	13 (22.8%)	44 (77.2%)	27 (47.4%)	30 (52.6%)	37 (64.9%)	20 (35.1%)	25 (43.9%)	32 (56.1%)	8 (14%)	31 (54.4%)	18 (31.6%)
Women	9	4 (44.4%)	5 (55.6%)	3 (33.3%)	6 (66.7%)	5 (55.6%)	4 (44.4%)	5 (55.6%)	4 (44.4%)	3 (33.3%)	6 (66.7%)	2 (22.2%)	3 (33.3%)	4 (44.4%)
P value		0.794	0.493	0.648	0.588	0.553	0.497
Bilharzial status
No	36	16 (44.4%)	20 (55.6%)	8 (22.2%)	28 (77.8%)	16 (44.6%)	20 (55.6%)	22 (61.1%)	14 (38.9%)	12 (33.3%)	24 (66.7%)	6 (16.7%)	19 (52.8%)	11 (30.6%)
Yes	30	16 (53.3%)	14 (46.7%)	8 (26.7%)	22 (73.3%)	16 (53.3%)	14 (46.7%)	20 (66.7%)	10 (33.3%)	16 (53.3%)	14 (46.7%)	4 (13.3%)	15 (50%)	11 (36.7%)
P value		0.470	0.675	0.470	0.640	0.102	0.849
Grade
Low grade	16	12 (75%)	4 (25%)	12 (75%)	4 (25%)	14 (87.5%)	2 (12.5%)	14 (87.5%)	2 (12.5%)	6 (37.5%)	10 (62.5%)	2 (12.5%)	4 (25%)	10 (62%)
High grade	50	20 (40%)	30 (60%)	4 (8%)	46 (92%)	18 (36%)	32 (64%)	28 (56%)	22 (44%)	22 (44%)	28 (56%)	8 (16%)	30 (60%)	12 (24%)
P value		0.015*	< 0.001*	< 0.001*	0.023*	0.640	0.015*
Stage
NMIBC	25	18 (72%)	7 (28%)	12 (48%)	13 (52%)	18 (72%)	7 (28%)	16 (64%)	9 (36%)	16 (64%)	9 (36%)	2 (8%)	9 (36%)	14 (56%)
MIBC	41	14 (34.1%)	27 (65.9%)	4 (9.8%)	37 (90.2%)	14 (34.1%)	27 (65.9%)	26 (63.4%)	15 (36.6%)	12 (29.3%)	29 (70.7%)	8 (10.5%)	25 (61%)	8 (19.5%)
P value		0.003*	< 0.001*	0.003*	0.96	0.006*	0.009*
Lymph node metastasis
No	43	26 (60.5%)	17 (39.5%)	15 (34.9%)	28 (65.1%)	23 (53.5%)	20 (46.5%)	26 (60.5%)	17 (39.5%)	25 (58.1%)	18 (41.9%)	9 (20.9%)	16 (37.2%)	18 (41.9%)
Yes	23	6 (26.1%)	17 (73.9%)	1 (4.3%)	22 (95.7%)	9 (39.1%)	14 (60.9%)	16 (69.6%)	7 (30.4%)	3 (13%)	20 (87%)	1 (4.3%)	18 (78.3%)	4 (17.4%)
P value		0.008*	0.006*	0.260	0.460	< 0.001*	0.006*

Table 2. Expression of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63 in TCC and Their Association With the Clinicopathological Characters

Variable

No. of cases

E-cadherin

Membranous β-catenin

Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin

ZEB1

ZEB2

p63

Normal 32 (48.5%)

Reduced 34 (51.5%)

Normal 16 (24.2%)

Reduced 50 (75.8%)

-ve 32 (48.5%)

+ve 34 (51.5%)

-ve 42 (63.6%)

+ve 24 (36.4%)

-ve 28 (42.4%)

+ve 38 (57.6%)

-ve 10 (15.2%)

Weak 34 (51.5%)

Intense 22 (33.3%)

NMIBC: non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma; MIBC: muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma; ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma. *Significant association.

Age

≤ 59.5 years

17 (48.6%)

18 (51.5%)

8 (22.9%)

27 (77.1%)

17 (48.6%)

18 (51.4%)

27 (77.1%)

8 (22.9%)

16 (45.7%)

19 (54.3%)

7 (20%)

17 (48.6%)

11 (31.4%)

> 59.5 years

15 (48.4%)

16 (51.6%)

8 (25.8%)

23 (74.2%)

15 (48.4%)

16 (51.6%)

15 (48.4%)

16 (51.6%)

12 (38.7%)

19 (61.3%)

3 (9.7%)

17 (54.8%)

11 (35.5%)

P value

0.988

0.780

0.988

0.015*

0.50

0.506

Sex

Men

28 (49.1%)

29 (50.9%)

13 (22.8%)

44 (77.2%)

27 (47.4%)

30 (52.6%)

37 (64.9%)

20 (35.1%)

25 (43.9%)

32 (56.1%)

8 (14%)

31 (54.4%)

18 (31.6%)

Women

4 (44.4%)

5 (55.6%)

3 (33.3%)

6 (66.7%)

5 (55.6%)

4 (44.4%)

5 (55.6%)

4 (44.4%)

3 (33.3%)

6 (66.7%)

2 (22.2%)

3 (33.3%)

4 (44.4%)

P value

0.794

0.493

0.648

0.588

0.553

0.497

Bilharzial status

16 (44.4%)

20 (55.6%)

8 (22.2%)

28 (77.8%)

16 (44.6%)

20 (55.6%)

22 (61.1%)

14 (38.9%)

12 (33.3%)

24 (66.7%)

6 (16.7%)

19 (52.8%)

11 (30.6%)

Yes

16 (53.3%)

14 (46.7%)

8 (26.7%)

22 (73.3%)

16 (53.3%)

14 (46.7%)

20 (66.7%)

10 (33.3%)

16 (53.3%)

14 (46.7%)

4 (13.3%)

15 (50%)

11 (36.7%)

P value

0.470

0.675

0.470

0.640

0.102

0.849

Grade

Low grade

12 (75%)

4 (25%)

12 (75%)

4 (25%)

14 (87.5%)

2 (12.5%)

14 (87.5%)

2 (12.5%)

6 (37.5%)

10 (62.5%)

2 (12.5%)

4 (25%)

10 (62%)

High grade

20 (40%)

30 (60%)

4 (8%)

46 (92%)

18 (36%)

32 (64%)

28 (56%)

22 (44%)

28 (56%)

8 (16%)

30 (60%)

12 (24%)

P value

0.015*

< 0.001*

0.023*

0.640

0.015*

Stage

NMIBC

18 (72%)

7 (28%)

12 (48%)

13 (52%)

18 (72%)

7 (28%)

16 (64%)

9 (36%)

16 (64%)

9 (36%)

2 (8%)

9 (36%)

14 (56%)

MIBC

14 (34.1%)

27 (65.9%)

4 (9.8%)

37 (90.2%)

14 (34.1%)

27 (65.9%)

26 (63.4%)

15 (36.6%)

12 (29.3%)

29 (70.7%)

8 (10.5%)

25 (61%)

8 (19.5%)

P value

0.003*

< 0.001*

0.003*

0.96

0.006*

0.009*

Lymph node metastasis

26 (60.5%)

17 (39.5%)

15 (34.9%)

28 (65.1%)

23 (53.5%)

20 (46.5%)

26 (60.5%)

17 (39.5%)

25 (58.1%)

18 (41.9%)

9 (20.9%)

16 (37.2%)

18 (41.9%)

Yes

6 (26.1%)

17 (73.9%)

1 (4.3%)

22 (95.7%)

9 (39.1%)

14 (60.9%)

16 (69.6%)

7 (30.4%)

3 (13%)

20 (87%)

1 (4.3%)

18 (78.3%)

4 (17.4%)

P value

0.008*

0.006*

0.260

0.460

< 0.001*

0.006*

**Table 3.** Expression of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63 in SCC and Their Association With the Clinicopathological Characters
Variable	No. of cases	E-cadherin	Membranous β-catenin	Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin	ZEB1	ZEB2	p63
ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma. *Significant association.
Age
≤ 51.5 years	14	9 (64.3%)	5 (35.7%)	6 (42.9%)	8 (57.1%)	10 (71.4%)	4 (28.6%)	10 (71.4%)	4 (28.6%)	10 (71.4%)	4 (28.6%)	1 (7.1%)	9 (64.3%)	4 (28.6%)
> 51.5 years	11	5 (45.5%)	6 (54.5%)	5 (45.5%)	6 (54.5%)	6 (54.5%)	5 (45.5%)	8 (72.7%)	3 (27.3%)	6 (54.5%)	5 (45.5%)	1 (9.1%)	9 (81.8%)	1 (9.1%)
P value		0.346	0.897	0.383	0.943	0.383	0.482
Sex
Men	21	8 (38.1%)	13 (61.9%)	11 (52.4%)	10 (47.6%)	15 (71.4%)	6 (28.6%)	16 (76.2%)	5 (23.8%)	15 (71.4%)	6 (28.6%)	1 (4.8%	16 (76.2%)	4 (19%)
Women	4	3 (75%)	1 (25%)	3 (75%)	1 (25%)	1 (25%)	3 (75%)	2 (50%)	2 (50%)	1 (25%)	3 (75%)	1 (25%)	2 (50%)	1 (25%)
P value		0.288	0.604	0.116	0.548	0.116	0.438
Bilharzial status
No	8	4 (50%)	4 (50%)	3 (37.5%)	5 (62.5%)	5 (62.5%)	3 (37.5%)	6 (75%)	2 (25%)	5 (62.5%)	3 (37.5%)	1 (12.5	5 (62.5%)	2 (25%)
Yes	17	10 (58.8%)	7 (41.2%)	8 (47.1%)	9 (52.9%)	11 (64.7%)	6 (35.3%)	12 (70.6%)	5 (29.4%)	11 (64.7%)	6 (35.3%)	1 (5.9%)	13 (76.5%)	3 (17.6%)
P value		1.000	1.000	0.900	1.000	0.915	0.752
Grade
G1	1	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
G2	18	12 (66.7%)	6 (33.3%)	10 (55.6%)	8 (44.4%)	14 (77.8%)	4 (22.2%)	15 (83.3%)	3 (16.7%)	14 (77.8%)	4 (22.2%)	1 (5.6%)	15 (83.3%)	2 (11.1%)
G3	6	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	0 (0%)	6 (100%)	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	2 (33.3%)	4 (66.7%)	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	0 (0%)	3 (50%)	3 (50%)
P value		0.040*	0.008*	0.017*	0.040*	0.017*	0.046*
Stage
T1	3	3 (100%)	0 (0%)	3 (100%)	0 (0%)	3 (100%)	0 (0%)	3 (100%)	0 (0%)	3 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	2 (66.7%)	0 (0%)
T2	18	10 (55.6%)	8 (44.4%)	8 (44.4%)	10 (55.6%)	12 (66.7%)	6 (33.3%)	14 (77.8%)	4 (22.2%)	13 (72.2%)	5 (27.8%)	1 (5.6%)	15 (83.3%	2 (11.1%)
T3	4	1 (25%)	3 (75%)	0 (0%)	4 (100%)	1 (25%)	3 (75%)	1 (25%)	3 (75%)	0 (0%)	4 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (25%)	3 (75%)
P value		0.079	0.008*	0.072	0.048*	0.003*	0.046*
Lymph node metastasis
No	19	13 (68.4%)	6 (31.6%)	9 (47.4%)	10 (52.6%)	15 (78.9%)	4 (21.1%)	17 (89.5%)	2 (10.5%)	15 (78.9%)	4 (21.1%)	2 (10.5)	16 (84.2%)	1 (5.3%)
Yes	6	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	5 (83.3%)	1 (16.7%)	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	1 (16.7%)	5 (83.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (33.3%)	4 (66.7%)
P value		0.026*	0.180	0.012*	0.001*	0.012*	0.004*

Table 3. Expression of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63 in SCC and Their Association With the Clinicopathological Characters

Variable

No. of cases

E-cadherin

Membranous β-catenin

Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin

ZEB1

ZEB2

p63

Normal 14 (56%)

Reduced 11 (44%)

Normal 11 (44%)

Reduced 14 (56%)

-ve 16 (64%)

+ve 9 (36%)

-ve 18 (72%)

+ve 7 (28%)

-ve 16 (64%)

+ve 9 (36%)

-ve 2 (8%)

Weak 18 (72%)

Intense 5 (20%)

ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma. *Significant association.

Age

≤ 51.5 years

9 (64.3%)

5 (35.7%)

6 (42.9%)

8 (57.1%)

10 (71.4%)

4 (28.6%)

10 (71.4%)

4 (28.6%)

10 (71.4%)

4 (28.6%)

1 (7.1%)

9 (64.3%)

4 (28.6%)

> 51.5 years

5 (45.5%)

6 (54.5%)

5 (45.5%)

6 (54.5%)

5 (45.5%)

8 (72.7%)

3 (27.3%)

6 (54.5%)

5 (45.5%)

1 (9.1%)

9 (81.8%)

1 (9.1%)

P value

0.346

0.897

0.383

0.943

0.383

0.482

Sex

Men

8 (38.1%)

13 (61.9%)

11 (52.4%)

10 (47.6%)

15 (71.4%)

6 (28.6%)

16 (76.2%)

5 (23.8%)

15 (71.4%)

6 (28.6%)

1 (4.8%

16 (76.2%)

4 (19%)

Women

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

2 (50%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

2 (50%)

1 (25%)

P value

0.288

0.604

0.116

0.548

0.116

0.438

Bilharzial status

4 (50%)

3 (37.5%)

5 (62.5%)

3 (37.5%)

6 (75%)

2 (25%)

5 (62.5%)

3 (37.5%)

1 (12.5

5 (62.5%)

2 (25%)

Yes

10 (58.8%)

7 (41.2%)

8 (47.1%)

9 (52.9%)

11 (64.7%)

6 (35.3%)

12 (70.6%)

5 (29.4%)

11 (64.7%)

6 (35.3%)

1 (5.9%)

13 (76.5%)

3 (17.6%)

P value

1.000

0.900

1.000

0.915

0.752

Grade

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (100%)

0 (0%)

12 (66.7%)

6 (33.3%)

10 (55.6%)

8 (44.4%)

14 (77.8%)

4 (22.2%)

15 (83.3%)

3 (16.7%)

14 (77.8%)

4 (22.2%)

1 (5.6%)

15 (83.3%)

2 (11.1%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

0 (0%)

6 (100%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

2 (33.3%)

4 (66.7%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

0 (0%)

3 (50%)

P value

0.040*

0.008*

0.017*

0.040*

0.017*

0.046*

Stage

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (33%)

2 (66.7%)

0 (0%)

10 (55.6%)

8 (44.4%)

10 (55.6%)

12 (66.7%)

6 (33.3%)

14 (77.8%)

4 (22.2%)

13 (72.2%)

5 (27.8%)

1 (5.6%)

15 (83.3%

2 (11.1%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

0 (0%)

4 (100%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

0 (0%)

4 (100%)

0 (0%)

1 (25%)

3 (75%)

P value

0.079

0.008*

0.072

0.048*

0.003*

0.046*

Lymph node metastasis

13 (68.4%)

6 (31.6%)

9 (47.4%)

10 (52.6%)

15 (78.9%)

4 (21.1%)

17 (89.5%)

2 (10.5%)

15 (78.9%)

4 (21.1%)

2 (10.5)

16 (84.2%)

1 (5.3%)

Yes

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

1 (16.7%)

5 (83.3%)

0 (0%)

2 (33.3%)

4 (66.7%)

P value

0.026*

0.180

0.012*

0.001*

0.012*

0.004*

**Table 4.** Correlation of E-Cadherin Expression With p63, ZEB1, ZEB2 and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic β-Catenin Expression in TCC Cases
	E-cadherin	Spearman
ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma.
p63	0.512	0.000
-ve	6 (60%)	4 (40%)
Weak	4 (11.8%)	30 (88.2%)
Intense	22 (100%)	0 (0%)
ZEB 1	-0.481	0.000
-ve	28 (66.7%)	14 (33.3%)
+ve	4 (16.7%)	20 (83.3%)
ZEB2	-0.517	0.000
-ve	22 (78.6%)	6 (21.4%)
+ve	10 (26.3%)	28 (73.7%)
Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin	-0.757	0.000
-ve	28 (87.5%)	4 (12.5%)
+ve	4 (11.8%)	30 (88.2%)

Table 4. Correlation of E-Cadherin Expression With p63, ZEB1, ZEB2 and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic β-Catenin Expression in TCC Cases

E-cadherin

Spearman

P value

Normal

Reduced

ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma.

p63

0.512

0.000

-ve

6 (60%)

4 (40%)

Weak

4 (11.8%)

30 (88.2%)

Intense

22 (100%)

0 (0%)

ZEB 1

-0.481

0.000

-ve

28 (66.7%)

14 (33.3%)

+ve

4 (16.7%)

20 (83.3%)

ZEB2

-0.517

0.000

-ve

22 (78.6%)

6 (21.4%)

+ve

10 (26.3%)

28 (73.7%)

Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin

-0.757

0.000

-ve

28 (87.5%)

4 (12.5%)

+ve

4 (11.8%)

30 (88.2%)

**Table 5.** Correlation of E-cadherin Expression With p63, ZEB1, ZEB2 and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic β-Catenin Expression in SCC Cases
	E-cadherin	Spearman
ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.
p63	-0.263	0.242
-ve	2 (100%)	0 (0%)
Weak	10 (55.6%	8 (44.4%)
Intense	2 (40%)	3 (60%)
ZEB1	-0.704	0.000
-ve	14 (77.8%)	4 (22.2%)
+ve	0 (0%)	7 (100%)
ZEB2	-0.678	0.000
-ve	13 (81.3%)	3 (18. 8%)
+ve	1 (11.1%)	8 (88.9%)
Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin	-0.846	0.000
-ve	14 (87.5%)	2 (12.5%)
+ve	0 (0%)	9 (100%)

Table 5. Correlation of E-cadherin Expression With p63, ZEB1, ZEB2 and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic β-Catenin Expression in SCC Cases

E-cadherin

Spearman

P value

Normal

Reduced

ZEB: zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

p63

-0.263

0.242

-ve

2 (100%)

0 (0%)

Weak

10 (55.6%

8 (44.4%)

Intense

2 (40%)

3 (60%)

ZEB1

-0.704

0.000

-ve

14 (77.8%)

4 (22.2%)

+ve

0 (0%)

7 (100%)

ZEB2

-0.678

0.000

-ve

13 (81.3%)

3 (18. 8%)

+ve

1 (11.1%)

8 (88.9%)

Nucleo-cytoplasmic β-catenin

-0.846

0.000

-ve

14 (87.5%)

2 (12.5%)

+ve

0 (0%)

9 (100%)