World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.wjon.org

Review

Volume 13, Number 1, February 2022, pages 8-19


Tumor Dormancy: Biologic and Therapeutic Implications

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Mechanisms/pathways underlying tumor dormancy.

Table

Table 1. Some Major Studies With Tumor Dormancy Discoveries
 
TopicsStudyYear
Role of the niche
  Self-renewal of cancer stem cells by asymmetric cell division; Active and dormant cancer cells stages are reversible.Lawson [8]2015
  Human prostate cancer metastases target the hematopoietic stem cell niche to establish footholds in mouse bone marrow.Shiozawa [10]2011
  Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for mobilizing peripheral blood stem cells: risk of mobilizing clonal myeloma cells in patients with bone marrow infiltration.Vora [11]1994
  A pilot, exploratory, randomized, phase II safety study evaluating tumor cell mobilization and apheresis product contamination in patients treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone or plus plerixaforNahi [12]2019
  CXCR4 is required for the quiescence of primitive hematopoietic cells.Nie [13]2008
  Prostate cancer specific integrin alphavbeta3 modulates bone metastatic growth and tissue remodeling.McCabe [14]2007
  Self-renewal of cancer stem cells by asymmetric cell division. Active and dormant cancer cells stages are reversibleLawson [8]2015
  Use of the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 pathway in prostate cancer metastasis to bone.Taichman [15]2002
  Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis.Muller [16]2001
  Dormant breast cancer micrometastases reside in specific bone marrow niches that regulate their transit to and from bonePrice [17]2016
  Annexin II/annexin II receptor axis regulates adhesion, migration, homing, and growth of prostate cancer.Shiozawa [18]2008
  GAS6/AXL axis regulates prostate cancer invasion, proliferation, and survival in the bone marrow niche.Shiozawa [19]2010
  Axl is required for TGF-β2-induced dormancy of prostate cancer cells in the bone marrow.Yumoto [20]2016
  Adhesion to osteopontin in the bone marrow niche regulates lymphoblastic leukemia cell dormancy.Boyerinas [21]2013
Advances in targeting DTCs and CSCs
  Chemoresistant DTCs occupy the perivascular niche (PVN) of distant tissues protected from ERCarlson [23]2019
  Self-renewal of cancer stem cells by asymmetric cell division. Active and dormant cancer cells stages are reversibleLawson [8]2013
  Adhesion to osteopontin in the bone marrow niche regulates lymphoblastic leukemia cell dormancy.Boyerinas [21]2013
  Human prostate cancer metastases target the hematopoietic stem cell niche.Shiozawa [10]2011
  Breast tumor dormancy regulated by perivascular niche.Ghajar [9]2013
  Breast cancer metastatic relapse due to proteins E-selectin and CXCL12+ to anchor cancer cells to perivascular niches in the bone marrowPrice [17]2016
  Single cell RNA sequencing of rare immune cell populationsNguyen [25]2018
  Spatial transcriptomics coming of ageBurgess [26]2019
  Metastasis prevention by targeting the dormant nicheGhajar [27]2015
  Inhibition of EIF2α dephosphorylation maximizes bortezomib efficiency and eliminates quiescent multiple myeloma cells surviving proteasome inhibitor therapySchewe [28]2009
  MET-independent lung cancer cells evading EGFR kinase inhibitors are therapeutically susceptible to BH3 mimetic agentsFan [29]2011
  Dormancy programs as emerging antimetastasis therapeutic alternativesSosa [30]2016
  Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatmentPelicano [31]2006
  Targeting hypoxia in cancer treatmentWilson [32]2011
  NR2F1 controls tumour cell dormancy via SOX9- and RARβ-driven quiescence programmesSosa [33]2015
  Tumor-specific MHC-II expression drives a unique pattern of resistance to immunotherapy via LAG-3/FCRL6 engagementJohnson [34]2018
  A niche-dependent myeloid transcriptome signature defines dormant myeloma cells.Khoo [35]2019
  The history and future of targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer therapyAsghar [36]2015
  VCAM-1 promotes osteolytic expansion of indolent bone micrometastasis of breast cancer by engaging α4β1-positive osteoclast progenitorsLu [24]2011
  Benefits and risks of adjuvant treatment with zoledronic acid in stage II/III breast cancer. 10 years follow-up of the AZURE randomized clinical trial (BIG 01/04)Coleman [37]2018
  Adjuvant zoledronic acid in patients with early breast cancer: final efficacy analysis of the AZURE (BIG 01/04) randomized open-label phase 3 trialColeman [38]2014
  Advances in diagnostic imaging and overestimations of disease prevalence and the benefits of therapyBlack [39]1993
  Molecular mechanisms underlying tumor dormancyAlmog [5]2010
  Targeting leukemic stem cells by breaking their dormancyEssers [40]2010
  ERK1/2 and p38α/β signaling in tumor cell quiescence: opportunities to control dormant residual diseaseSosa [41]2011
  Mechanisms of disseminated cancer cell dormancy: an awakening fieldSosa [22]2014