World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 1, February 2022, pages 20-26


Cancer Prevalence in E-Cigarette Users: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional NHANES Study

Tables

Table 1. Epidemiological Characteristics of Cancer Respondents
 
VariableE-cigarette, N = 7,756 (5.01%)Traditional smoking, N = 48,625 (31.4%)No smoking, N = 98,475 (63.6%)Total, N = 154,856 (100%)P value
SE: standard error.
Age (median (Q1-Q3))25 (20 - 31)62 (50 - 71)50 (34 - 64)< 0.0001
Gender (%)< 0.0001
  Male51623846
  Female49386254
Race (%)< 0.0001
  White28423034
  African American23212020
  Mexican American20131716
  Other Hispanic11121212
  Asian1271814
  Other race7534
Annual household income< 0.0001
  $0 - 24,99927322427
  $25,000 - 64,99932.238.634.535.7
  $65,000 - 99,99917141716
  $100,000 and over2415.624.321.5
Comorbidities
  Hypertension688080.380< 0.0001
  Diabetes mellitus3.322.114.016.0< 0.0001
  Hypercholesterolemia10.6463537< 0.0001
  Coronary heart disease1.58.53.35.0< 0.0001
  Stroke1.16.73.24.3< 0.0001
  Marijuana or Hashish7970.332.344.8< 0.0001
  Cocaine/heroin/methamphetamine12.827.15.111.8< 0.0001
  Injectable illegal drug1.14.20.41.5< 0.0001
  Alcohol use disorder69.546.338.643.3< 0.0001
  Anemia4.04.44.64.50.0012
  Depression28.123.52022< 0.0001
  Liver disease2.57.24.15.1< 0.0001
  Serum cotinine (ng/mL), mean ± SE20.8 ± 0.967.2 ± 0.66.8 ± 0.17< 0.0001
  Serum hydroxy cotinine (ng/mL), mean ± SE8.1 ± 0.4327.4 ± 0.303.2 ± 0.1< 0.0001

 

Table 2. Univariate Analysis of Association of Smoking With Cancer
 
VariableE-cigarette, N = 7,756 (5.01%)Traditional smoking, N = 48,625 (31.4%)No smoking, N = 98,475 (63.59%)Total, N = 154,856 (100%)P value
Cancer (%)2.3216.89.511.6< 0.0001
Age at first cancer (median (Q1-Q3))45 (40 - 62)63 (52 - 72)59 (47 - 69)NA< 0.0001
Types of cancer (prevalence %)
  Lung03.00.61.7< 0.0001
  Bladder04.82.23.4< 0.0001
  Breast12.112.020.416.4< 0.0001
  Leukemia8.51.11.71.5< 0.0001
  Cervical222.62.62.8< 0.0001
  Colon05.26.96.1< 0.0001
  Melanoma3.57.56.06.7< 0.0001
  Skin (non-melanoma)15.612.315.914.2< 0.0001
  Skin (other)27.79.56.27.9< 0.0001
  Prostate020.115.217.7< 0.0001
  Thyroid10.62.42.62.6< 0.0001
  Uterus02.64.83.7< 0.0001
  Lymphoma/Hodgkin’s disease01.721.9< 0.0001
  Kidney02.02.02.0< 0.0001

 

Table 3. Adjusted Multivariate Analysis of Association Between Cancer and Smoking
 
VariableCancer (OR (95% CI); P value)
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
  No smokingReference
  E-cigarette2.2 (2.2 - 2.3); P < 0.0001
  Traditional smoking1.96 (1.96 - 1.97); P < 0.001
Gender (%)
  MaleReference
  Female1.67 (1.675 - 1.678); P < 0.001
Race (%)
  Mexican AmericanReference
  White2.56 (2.56 - 2.57); P < 0.001
  African American1.51 (1.50 - 1.51); P < 0.001
  Other Hispanic1.92 (1.91 - 1.92); P < 0.001
  Asian1.81 (1.80 - 1.81); P < 0.001
  Other race0.48 (0.47 - 0.48); P < 0.001
Annual household income
  $0 - 24,999Reference
  $25,000 - 64,9992.25 (2.24 - 2.25); P < 0.001
  $65,000 - 99,9990.67 (0.66 - 0.67); P < 0.001
  $100,000 and over1.72 (1.71 - 1.72); P < 0.001
Comorbidities
  Hypertension1.44 (1.43 - 1.44); P < 0.001
  Hypercholesterolemia1.11 (1.11 - 1.12); P < 0.001
  Diabetes mellitus1.47 (1.43 - 1.44); P < 0.001
  Anemia3.74 (3.73 - 3.74); P < 0.001
  Marijuana or Hashish1.25 (1.24 - 1.25); P < 0.001
  Cocaine/heroin/methamphetamine0.46 (0.45 - 0.46); P < 0.001
  Injectable illegal drug1.45 (1.44 - 1.46); P < 0.001
  Stroke1.56 (1.56 - 1.57); P < 0.001
  Alcohol use disorder0.94 (0.94 - 0.94); P < 0.001