World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 1, February 2022, pages 27-37

Survival Prognosis, Tumor Immune Landscape, and Immune Responses of PPP1R18 in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Its Potentially Double Mechanisms

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Prognostic roles of PPP1R18 involved in KIRC: (a) PPP1R18 mRNA expression levels in TCGA pan-cancer; (b) Boxplot of PPP1R18 mRNA expression levels in TCGA-KIRC dataset; (c) pairwise boxplot of PPP1R18 mRNA expression levels in TCGA-KIRC dataset; (d) K-M survival analysis of PPP1R18 in TCGA-KIRC dataset; (e) PPP1R18 mRNA expression levels in GSE6344; (f) PPP1R18 mRNA expression levels in ICGC dataset; (g) K-M survival analysis of PPP1R18 in ICGC dataset. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; ICGC: International Cancer Genome Consortium.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Verification of expression, MSI, TMB and immunotherapy response of PPP1R18 in KIRC: (a) PCR validations in renal cancer cell lines; (b) PCR validations in KIRC tissues; (c) associations between PPP1R18 expression and MSI; (d) associations between PPP1R18 expression and TMB; (e) prediction of immune response by TIDE database; (f) prediction of immune response by IMvigor210 cohort. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. ns: no significance; TMB: tumor mutational burden; MSI: microsatellite instability; PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; TIDE: tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion; PCR: polymerase chain reaction.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Relationships between PPP1R18 and immune infiltrations in KIRC. PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Immunological roles of PPP1R18 involved in KIRC: (a-c) relationships between PPP1R18 and tumor immune microenvironment in KIRC; (d) relationships between PPP1R18 and immune checkpoint molecules; (e) relationships between PPP1R18 and immune cells. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Potential mechanisms of PPP1R18 involved in KIRC: (a) LncRNA/RBP/PPP1R18 mRNA networks in KIRC; (b) LncRNA/miRNA/PPP1R18 mRNA networks in KIRC; (c) diagram of PPP1R18 involved mechanisms in KIRC. PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; RBP: RNA-binding protein.

Tables

Table 1. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of PPP1R18 and Several Clinical Factors for OS in TCGA-KIRC Dataset
 
Clinical factorsUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysis
HRHR.95LHR.95HP-valueHRHR.95LHR.95HP-value
PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; OS: overall survival.
Age1.0332741.0196781.0470521.28 × 10-61.0393391.0239791.054933.79 × 10-7
Gender0.9332980.6796921.281530.6696030.9428810.6817071.3041140.722276
Race1.1930750.715961.9881380.4980591.0985430.6407121.8835240.73261
Grade1.9668841.6388362.3605983.70 × 10-131.3678541.0869331.7213810.00757
Stage1.8556261.6436372.0949561.71 × 10-231.6536361.1665882.3440240.00472
T1.9975821.6890522.3624696.29 × 10-161.0756810.8193921.4121310.599303
M2.0996471.6606812.6546445.70 × 10-100.91570.4844971.7306710.786276
N0.8629710.738871.0079160.0628260.8474140.7213560.9955010.043922
PPP1R181.045681.0280421.063622.66 × 10-71.0276191.0086431.0469530.004171

 

Table 2. GSEA Results of PPP1R18 Involved Pathways in TCGA-KIRC Dataset
 
MSigDB collectionGene set nameNESNOM P-valueFDR Q-value
GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; PPP1R18: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 18; KIRC: kidney renal clear cell carcinoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas.
c2.cp.kegg.v7.1.symbols.gmtB_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.225< 0.0010.001
CHEMOKINE_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.517< 0.001< 0.001
JAK_STAT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.407< 0.001< 0.001
MAPK_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.150< 0.0010.003
NOD_LIKE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.1450.0040.003
NOTCH_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.191< 0.0010.002
T_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.297< 0.001< 0.001
TOLL_LIKE_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.2100.0060.002
VEGF_SIGNALING_PATHWAY2.032< 0.0010.006