World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc
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Review

Volume 15, Number 3, June 2024, pages 355-371

Intercontinental Comparison of Immunohistochemical Subtypes Among Individuals With Breast Cancer in South-East Asia and South America: A Scoping Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Study identification phases of this review in PRISMA flow diagram. PRISMA: the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; SEA: South-East Asia; SA: South America.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The TNBC subtype rate comparison in the SEA and the SA. The black squares and red diamond represent individual studies (countries) and continents, respectively, whereas the X-axis represented the TNBC rate per total BC population (0.00 to 1.00 for 0% to 100%). SEA: South-East Asia; SA: South America; CI: confidence interval; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; BC: breast cancer.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. (a) The TNBC subtype rate estimation in SEA countries. (b) Scatterplot representation of logit event rate regression model among SEA countries. (a) The black squares and red diamonds represent individual studies (countries) and continents, respectively, whereas the X-axis represented the TNBC rate per total BC population (0.00 to 1.00 for 0% to 100%). (b) Each circle represents an individual study, whereas the thick line on the middle of each country section represents the estimated logit event rate. SEA: South-East Asia; CI: confidence interval; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; BC: breast cancer.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. (a) The TNBC subtype rate estimation in SA countries. (b) Scatterplot representation of logit event rate regression model among SA countries. (a) The black squares and red diamonds represent individual studies (countries) and continents, respectively, whereas the X-axis represents the TNBC rate per total BC population (0.00 to 1.00 for 0% to 100%). (b) Each circle represents an individual study, whereas the thick line on the middle of each country section represents the estimated logit event rate. SA: South America; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; CI: confidence interval; BC: breast cancer.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Schematic representation of the TNBC percentage and population size in SEA region. The numbers in red and blue represent TNBC percentage and year of observation (for example, “19.6; Azhar; 14-18” may stands for a study by Azhar et al, with TNBC rate of 19.6% and observation year of 2014 - 2018); respectively. TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; SEA: South-East Asia.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Schematic representation of the TNBC percentage and population size in SA region. The numbers in red and blue represent TNBC percentage and year of observation (for example “16.1; Jeronimo; 16-17” may stands for a study by Jeronimo et al, with TNBC rate of 16.1% and observation year of 2016 - 2017), respectively. TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; SA: South America.

Table

Table 1. Geographical and Baseline Characteristics of the Included Studies
 
StudyCountryCityObservation periodCenterSample sizeAge (years)NOS scoreContinent
H: hospital; GH: general hospital; MC: medical center; NH: national hospital; PEGEN-BC: The Peruvian Genetics and Genomics of Breast Cancer Study; PH: public hospital; SH: state hospital; UNACON: Unidades de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia (High Complexity Care Units in Oncology); UTH: university hospital; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; SEA: South-East Asia; SA: South America.
Arnetha et al, 2020 [15]IndonesiaBandungJanuary 2011 - September 2011Hasan Sadikin GH6348.79 (mean)8SEA
Azhar et al, 2020 [16]2014 - 201891342.4 ± 18.67
Juristiasa et al, 2022 [17]DenpasarJanuary 2015 - June 2020Sanglah GH10052.36 ± 1.217
Felicia et al, 2022 [18]JakartaJanuary 2015 - December 2020Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo NH
Gondhowiardjo et al, 2020 [19]2001 - 201093333.7% 41 - 508
Gultom et al, 2021 [20]September 2019Siloam Semanggi H20834.1% 50 - 596
Madyaningtias, 2021 [21]MakassarJuly 2014 - June 2017Tertiary hospitals36538.1% 41 - 505
Wijayanto et al, 2022 [22]2016 - 2019Dr. W. Sudirohusodo GH17231.4% 50 - 597
Furqan et al, 2020 [23]Medan2016 - 2018Haji Adam Malik GH13146.41 ± 9.905
Arza et al, 2022 [24]Padang2020 - 2022Dr. M. Djamil GH6891.2% > 405
Dasman et al, 2021 [25]2017 - 2018Dr. M. Djamil GH, YARSI H, and Ropanasuri SH41854.1% > 506
Paramita et al, 2019 [26]SamarindaJanuary 2016 - December 2016A.W. Sjahranie GH9248.3 ± 10.75
Anwar et al, 2019 [27]Yogyakarta2012 - 2017Dr. Sardjito GH14437 (median)7
Fathoni et al, 2022 [28]July 2018 June 201916252.57 ± 9.358
Widodo et al, 2014 [29]2008 - 20098453.15 ± 10.896
Luangxay et al, 2019 [30]LaosVientiane2013 - 2016University of Health Science7649.1 ± 10.96
Sung et al, 2020 [31]MalaysiaSarawak2003 - 2015Sarawak GH2,99451.6 ± 11.17
Abdullah et al, 2016 [32]Subang Jaya2008 - 2012Subang Jaya MC67553.0 ± 11.08
San et al, 2017 [33]MyanmarMyeik and YangonJanuary 2015 - December 2015Myeik and Sakura9151.3 (mean)6
Chuangsuwanich et al, 2014 [34]ThailandBangkok2002 - 2004Siriraj H10051 (mean)8
Laohanvinij et al, 2017 [35]January 2015 - December 2013Rajavithi H23251.5 (28 - 88)7
Ditsatham et al, 2022 [36]Chiang MaiJanuary 2006 - December 2015Chiang Mai UTH3,15364.5% 40 - 608
Sripan et al, 2019 [37]2004 - 2013Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai H3,22845 (52 - 60)8
Kongsiang et al, 2014 [38]Khon KaenJanuary 1999 - May 2009Srinagarind H27244.9 ± 55.17
Sukpan et al, 2023 [39]NarathiwatJune 2016 - May 2021Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra H23452.6 ± 12.08
Tubtimhin et al, 2018 [40]Ubon RatchthaniJanuary 2022 - December 2016Ubon Ratchathani CH52349.6 ± 9.88
Nguyen et al, 2019 [41]VietnamHanoi2011 - 2013National CH50150 (median)8
Cong et al, 2020 [42]HueJune 2016 - August 2018Hue UTH23754.7 ± 12.669
Path et al, 2016 [43]ArgentinaWhole ArgentinaJanuary 2012 - December 2013Multicenter1,73259 (23 - 92)9SA
Goncalves, 2018 [44]BrazilJuiz de Fora2003 - 2005Private Referral Center for Cancer Care44757.0 ± 13.09
Fayer et al, 2016 [45]January 2000 - December 2018UNACON19557.8 (mean)8
Reis et al, 2020 [46]MaranhaoJanuary 2015 - December 201813752.1 ± 11.89
Freitas et al, 2022 [47]Minas Gerais2014 - 2016Oncology Referral Center43042 (low-risk) and 63 (high-risk)8
Macedo Andrade et al, 2014 [48]ParaibaMarch 2013 - November 2013Fundação de Assistência da Paraíba PH26955.4 ± 0.87
Jeronimo et al, 2017 [49]Paraiba and Joao2013 - 2016Fundação de Assistência23655.1 ± 12.39
da Paraíba PH and Hospital Napoleao Laureano
Simon et al, 2019 [50]Whole Brazil2001 - 200628 Brazilian Institutions2,29654.0 (mean)6
Carvalho et al, 2014 [51]July 2009 - March 2011Consultoria em Patologia5,68755.5 ± 13.57
Acevedo et al, 2020 [52]ChileSantiagoJanuary 2009 - December 2019Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Suroriente43951.7 (23 - 79)7
Merino et al, 2018 [53]1997 - 2006Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and Red de Salud UC Christus2,19855 (19 - 101)6
Gomez et al, 2015 [54]ColombiaBogotaJanuary 2009 - December 2011Instituto de Cancerologia-Clinicas Las Americas32852.9 ± 11.37
Serrano-Gomez et al, 2016 [55]Bogota and Bolicar2008 - 2012Colombian National Cancer Institute and Hospital Universitario del Caribe30156.6 (mean)8
Aldaz-Roldan et al, 2023 [56]EcuadorLoja2009 - 2019SOLCA Nucleo de Loja26854.6 (mean)6
Bueno et al, 2017 [57]PeruArequipaJanuary 2009 - December 2012Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguín Escobedo28056 (27 - 91)
Galvez et al, 2018 [58]Surquillo2003 - 2014Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas43549 (24 - 84)6
Zavala et al, 2023 [59]Whole Peru2010 - 2022PEGEN-BC194349.8 ± 11.09
Yabar et al, 2017 [60]Peru and UruguayLima and Montevidio2012 - 2013Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliatti Martins, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal, Instituto Nacional de Cancer58058 (27 - 90)7