World J Oncol

World Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1920-4531 print, 1920-454X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Oncol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.wjon.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 5, October 2024, pages 777-783

Multi-Gene Panel Testing for Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Among Patients Sixty-Five Years and Above Diagnosed With Breast Cancer

Figure 1. Results of germline genetic testing. One patient in the expanded-panel testing had increased risk allele (APC). Two carriers of autosomal recessive mutations were excluded. P/L: pathogenic/likely pathogenic; VUS: variants of uncertain significance.

**Table 1.** Patients’ Characteristics (n = 204)
Characteristics	Number	%
^aFirst, second or third-degree. ER: estrogen receptor; PR: progesterone receptor; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
Age at diagnosis (years)
Median (range)	70.5
65 - 70	102	50.0%
71 - 75	57	27.9%
> 75	45	22.1%
Stage
Early-stage	188	92.2%
Advanced-stage	16	7.8%
Hormonal status
ER-positive	155	75.9%
PR-positive	148	72.5%
HER2 status
HER2-positive	31	15.2%
HER2-negative	165	80.9%
Unknown	8	3.9%
Triple-negative
Yes	33	16.2%
No	171	83.8%
Positive family history^a
Breast	143	70.1%
Ovarian, pancreas, high-grade prostate	34	16.7%
Nationality
Jordanians	192	94.1%
Non-Jordanians	12	5.9%

Table 1. Patients’ Characteristics (n = 204)

Characteristics

Number

^aFirst, second or third-degree. ER: estrogen receptor; PR: progesterone receptor; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.

Age at diagnosis (years)

Median (range)

70.5

65 - 70

102

50.0%

71 - 75

27.9%

> 75

22.1%

Stage

Early-stage

188

92.2%

Advanced-stage

7.8%

Hormonal status

ER-positive

155

75.9%

PR-positive

148

72.5%

HER2 status

HER2-positive

15.2%

HER2-negative

165

80.9%

Unknown

3.9%

Triple-negative

Yes

16.2%

171

83.8%

Positive family history^a

Breast

143

70.1%

Ovarian, pancreas, high-grade prostate

16.7%

Nationality

Jordanians

192

94.1%

Non-Jordanians

5.9%

**Table 2.** Rates of Positive Pathogenic Variants by Indication
Variable	Total	Pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations
Age at diagnosis (years)			0.18		0.23		0.29
≤ 70	102	9 (8.8%)		3 (2.9%)		6 (5.8%)
> 70	102	13 (12.7%)		5 (4.9%)		8 (7.8%)
Triple-negative disease			0.37		0.24		0.33
Yes	33	3 (9.1%)		2 (6.1%)		1 (3.0%)
No	171	19 (11.1%)		11 (6.4%)		8 (4.7 %)
≥ close blood relative with breast cancer diagnosed at age ≤ 50 years			0.47		0.17		0.21
Yes	110	12 (10.9%)		3 (2.7%)		9 (8.2%)
No	94	10 (10.6%)		5 (5.3%)		5 (5.3%)
≥ 1 close blood relative with: Epithelial ovarian cancer at any age; Exocrine pancreatic cancer at any age; Metastatic prostate cancer at any age			0.18		0.24		0.29
Yes	33	5 (15.2%)		2 (6.1%)		3 (9.1%)
No	171	17 (9.9%)		6 (3.5%)		11 (6.4%)
≥ 2 close relatives with breast cancer diagnosed at any age			0.38		0.39		0.27
Yes	86	10 (11.6%)		3 (3.5%)		7 (8.1%)
No	118	12 (10.2%)		5 (4.2%)		7 (5.9%)
More than one primary breast cancers, first diagnosed before age of 65 years			0.36		0.23		0.45
Yes	13	1 (7.7%)		0		1 (7.7%)
No	191	21 (10.9%)		8 (4.2%)		13 (6.8%)
Diagnosed at any age with a close male relative with breast cancer at any age			0.24		0.34		0.29
Yes	4	0		0		0
No	200	22 (11%)		8 (4%)		14 (7%)
All patients	204	22 (10.8%)		8 (3.9%)		14 (6.9%)

Table 2. Rates of Positive Pathogenic Variants by Indication

Variable

Total

Pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations

All variants

BRCA1/2

Non-BRCA1/2

n (%)

P-value

n (%)

P-value

n (%)

P-value

Age at diagnosis (years)

0.18

0.23

0.29

≤ 70

102

9 (8.8%)

3 (2.9%)

6 (5.8%)

> 70

102

13 (12.7%)

5 (4.9%)

8 (7.8%)

Triple-negative disease

0.37

0.24

0.33

Yes

3 (9.1%)

2 (6.1%)

1 (3.0%)

171

19 (11.1%)

11 (6.4%)

8 (4.7 %)

≥ close blood relative with breast cancer diagnosed at age ≤ 50 years

0.47

0.17

0.21

Yes

110

12 (10.9%)

3 (2.7%)

9 (8.2%)

10 (10.6%)

5 (5.3%)

≥ 1 close blood relative with: Epithelial ovarian cancer at any age; Exocrine pancreatic cancer at any age; Metastatic prostate cancer at any age

0.18

0.24

0.29

Yes

5 (15.2%)

2 (6.1%)

3 (9.1%)

171

17 (9.9%)

6 (3.5%)

11 (6.4%)

≥ 2 close relatives with breast cancer diagnosed at any age

0.38

0.39

0.27

Yes

10 (11.6%)

3 (3.5%)

7 (8.1%)

118

12 (10.2%)

5 (4.2%)

7 (5.9%)

More than one primary breast cancers, first diagnosed before age of 65 years

0.36

0.23

0.45

Yes

1 (7.7%)

191

21 (10.9%)

8 (4.2%)

13 (6.8%)

Diagnosed at any age with a close male relative with breast cancer at any age

0.24

0.34

0.29

Yes

200

22 (11%)

8 (4%)

14 (7%)

All patients

204

22 (10.8%)

8 (3.9%)

14 (6.9%)